• Arabs were the first to invade India?
• Real name of Mohd: bin Qasim was Amadudin Mohammad (Pillar of Deen).
• Mohd: Bin Qasim was nephew and son-in-law of Hajjaj bin Yousuf the Governor of Iraq (Omayad Period). He came to Sindh with 12 thousand men.
• Mohd: bin Qasim conquered Sindh during Ummayads.
• Siskar was Waziir of Dahir.
• Mohd: bin Qasim tortured to death in Iraq by Sulaiman.
• The Abbasid governor Hisham came to Sindh in 757 A.D.
• Shabudding Ghori was the founder of Islamic State in India.
• Qutubudin Aibk was the founder of slave dynasty after Ghoris.
• Ghiyasuddin Tughluq was the first sultan of Tughluq dynasty.
• Ibn Batutah visited India in reign of Muhammad-bin Tughluq
• Mohd: bin Tughlaq introduced tokens currency firstly.
Zahiruddin Muhammad Babur, popularly known as "Babur", meaning lion, was the founder of Mughal Empire in India. He was born in Farghana, now in Uzbekistan, on February 14, 1483. The Mughal Empire founded by him lasted for 331 years.
Zahiruddin Muhammad Babur, popularly known as "Babur", meaning lion, was the founder of Mughal Empire in India. He was born in Farghana, now in Uzbekistan, on February 14, 1483. The Mughal Empire founded by him lasted for 331 years.
Babur's father Umar Sheikh Mirza died in 1494
In 1504, he came to Afghanistan and occupied Kabul. Here he assumed the title of Padshah.
he invaded India five times. The fifth expedition resulted in the death of Ibrahim Lodhi in the first battle of Panipat, in April 1526
In the battle of Kanwaha, Babur defeated the Rajput leader Rana Sanga of Mewar
In the battle of Kanwaha, Babur defeated the Rajput leader Rana Sanga of Mewar
In 1528, he captured Chanderi from the Rajput chief, Medini Rao
In 1529 he defeated the Afghan chiefs under Mahmud Lodhi in the battle of Ghagra in Bihar
Babur died at Agra on December 26, 1530. Babur was buried at Kabul, in accordance with his own wishes.
Tuzk-i-Baburi, also known as Babur Namah, written in Turkish, personally transcribed by his son Humayun, and afterwards translated into Persian during the reign of Akbar.
• Babur used artillery in warfare.
Humayun "The Fortunate" was the eldest son of Babur. He had three younger brothers, Kamran, Askari and Hindal. Born on March 6, 1508, at Kabul
In 1520, he was appointed the Governor of Badakshan at the age of 12 years
Humayun ascended the throne at Agra on December 30, 1530, at the age of 23
Humayun was defeated in the battle of Kanauj in 1540. He became a fugitive and escaped towards Iran via Sindh. In 1555 Humayun returned once again, and by his sheer perseverance, was able to recover his kingdom.
Sher Shah Suri, "The Lion King", founder of the Suri Dynasty, was born in 1472 in Punjab. His original name was Farid
Sher Shah ruled for a short period of five years in which he not only consolidated his power but also brought about important reforms. He died in 1545 from a gunpowder explosion.
Akbar "The Great" 1556-1605
Akbar was one of the greatest rulers in Indian history. He was born when Humayun and his first wife, Hamida Bano, were fugitives escaping towards Iran. It was during these wanderings that Akbar was born in Umerkot, Sindh, on November 23, 1542.
He was the only great Mughal ruler who was illiterate
Akbar came to throne in 1556, after the death of his father, Humayun. At that time, Akbar was only 13 years old. Akbar was the only Mughal king to ascend to the throne without the customary war of succession; as his brother Muhammad Hakim was too feeble to offer any resistance. During the first five years of his rule, Akbar was assisted and advised by Bahram Khan in running the affairs of the country. Bahram Khan was, however, removed and for a few years Akbar ruled under the influence of his nurse Maham Anga. After 1562, Akbar freed himself from external influences and ruled supreme.
His court had numerous scholars of the day who are well known as "Nauratan".
Bir Bal,Todar Mall,Sheikh Mubarrak, Abdul Fazal, Sheikh Faizi,Abdulqadir Bidayoni, Abdur Rahim Khan-e khana. Tan Sain,Raja Maan Singh
Akbar had three sons Prince Salim, Murad and Daniyal.
Akbar prohibited the practice of Sati?
Akbar fell ill and died of slow poisoning on October 27, 1605•
Sh. Ahmed Sirhandi is known as Majaddid Alf Sani.
Mujaddid Alf Sani was imprisoned by Jehangir at the Gwalior Fort
The first of the great reformers, Sheikh Ahmad Sarhindi al-Farooqi an-Naqshbandi, was born in Sarhind on June 26, 1564. He belonged to a devout Muslim family that claimed descent from Hazrat Umar Farooq (RA). His father Sheikh Abdul Ahad was a well-known sufi of his times.
• Sheikh Ahmad Sirhandi was born in 1564.
• Sheikh Ahmad Sirhandi was born in 1564.
He wrote many books, including his famous works, Isbat-ul-Nabat and Risal-i-NabuwatPrince Muhammad Salim 1605-1627
Prince Muhammad Salim was the eldest son of Akbar. He was born in August 1569
Prince Salim succeeded to the throne on the eighth day after his father's death. He took the name Jehangir and started his 22 years reign at the age of 36. Having seized power, he had to fend off his own son Khusraw's claim to the throne. Khusraw was defeated and as a punishment, his eyes were taken out.
Jehangir married the extremely beautiful and intelligent Mehr-un-Nisa in May 1611
He recorded all sorts of wildlife in his book Tuzk-i-Jehangiri.
He died in 1627 and was buried in Shahdra, near Lahore
• During Jehangir’s reign Sir Thomas Roe and Captain Hawkins visited Moghul court to secure commercial privileges.
Nur Jehan was the daughter of a Persian immigrant, Mirza Ghiyas Baig of Tehran. Before becoming the beloved wife of the Mughal emperor Jehangir, she was the widow of a Mughal officer, Sher Afghan Quli Khan.
The decision to marry her daughter from her first husband, to Shah Jehan's younger brother Shahryar, and her consequent support to his candidature to the throne caused Shah Jehan's rebellion. Emperor Jehangir was captured by rebels in 1626 while he was on his way to Kashmir. Nur Jehan intervened to get her husband released. Jehangir was rescued but died on October 28, 1627.
Nur Jehan had a magnificent tomb erected over the grave of her husband. She retired from the world and lived a quiet and lonely life for 16 years after the death of Jehangir. She died in 1643, and is buried besides Jehangir at Shahdra, Lahore.
Shah Jehan 1628-1658
Shah Jehan was one of Jehangir's four sons. Born in 1592 in Lahore, his parents named him Khurram.
• Emperor Shahjahan= Khurram Shihab-ud-din
• Emperor Shahjahan= Khurram Shihab-ud-din
Shah Jehan came to the throne after a bloody war of succession. When Jehangir died, only two of his sons, Shahryar and Shah Jehan were alive
Shah Jehan built marble edifices at Agra such as the Diwan-i-Aam, the Diwan-i-Khas, the Shish Mahal and the Moti Masjid
The most famous among the grand buildings is the Taj Mehal at Agra, in present-day India. It was built in memory of his beloved wife, Mumtaz Mehal. It took over 15 years to complete and cost 90 million rupees. The Taj Mehal is deemed to be one of the Seven Wonders of the World.
Gulbadan Begum's "Humayun Namah", Jehangir's autobiography "Tuzk-i-Jehangiri", Abdul Hamid Lahori's "Padshahnama" and Inayat Khan's "Shah Jehannama" are some of the examples of Mughal literature in the latter period of Shah Jehan's reign.
In September 1657, Shah Jehan fell ill. The physicians were not hopeful about his recovery. He even made his last will and testament. As soon as the news of his illness reached his four sons, Dara Shikoh, Shuja, Aurangzeb and Murad, they all started making preparations to capture the throne. Aurangzeb who succeeded in his efforts, kept his aged father imprisoned until his death, allowing one of his sisters to look after him. Shah Jehan died in 1666. He was laid to rest beside his beloved wife, Mumtaz Mehal.
Arjumand Bano Begum, entitled Mumtaz Mehal, "the ornament of the palace", was the daughter of Asif Khan, brother of Nur Jehan, wife of Mughal emperor Jehangir. In 1612, Arjumand Bano married Shah Jehan, ruler of the Mughal Empire. They had 14 children.
In 1631, Mumtaz Mehal died in childbirth at the age of 39
Aurangzeb 1658-1707
Aurangzeb was born on October 21, 1618. He was the third son of the emperor Shah Jehan.
In July 1658, he ascended the throne as Alamgir, and reigned supreme till 1707
He did build a mosque in Lahore, the Badshahi Mosqu
• Aurangzeb reimposed ‘Jaziya’?Shah Wali Ullah Muhaddis Dehlvi was born on February 21, 1703 at Delhi. He was named Qutb-ud-Din, His father: Shah Abdul Rahim. He was the founding member and teacher of the Madrasa-i-Rahimiyah in Delhi. Shah Abdul Rahim was associated with the completion of the famous Islamic legal text, Fatawa-i-Alamgiri.
• Aurangzeb reimposed ‘Jaziya’?Shah Wali Ullah Muhaddis Dehlvi was born on February 21, 1703 at Delhi. He was named Qutb-ud-Din, His father: Shah Abdul Rahim. He was the founding member and teacher of the Madrasa-i-Rahimiyah in Delhi. Shah Abdul Rahim was associated with the completion of the famous Islamic legal text, Fatawa-i-Alamgiri.
Shah Wali Ullah taught at his father's Madrasa for 12 years. He left for Arabia in 1730 for higher education. he returned to Delhi in July 1732
He wrote 51 books; 23 in Arabic and 28 in Persian. Among his famous works are the Hujjat-ullah-il-Balighah and Izalat-ul-Khifa.
He was laid to rest in 1762
Bahadur Shah 1707
I [1643-1712]Born in Burhanpur on October 14, 1643, Bahadur Shah I, originally named Muazzam, was the eldest son of Mughal emperor Aurangzeb. After the usual war of succession, Bahadur Shah survived and ascended the throne. He assumed the title of Bahadur Shah, and reigned for less than five years.
Sikhs had risen under Guru Gobind Singh, their tenth and last guru.
The Guru was however killed and his political heir, Banda Bahadur led a popular uprising against Bahadur Shah
Jahandar Shah 1712
[1664-1713]
The death of Bahadur Shah I in 1712 led to a war of succession among his four sons. It was Jahandar Shah who was ultimately successful with the help of Zulfiqar Khan. Jahandar Shah ascended the throne on March 29, 1712, with Zulfiqar Khan as the all-powerful minister.
Jahandar Shah faced trouble from Muhammad Farrukhsiyar, grandson of Bahadur Shah, and the second son of Azim-ush-Shan. Farrukhsiyar, after the death of his father, proclaimed himself as the emperor. With the help of the Saiyid brothers, he was able to defeat Jahandar Shah in the battlefield of Samugarh, on January 6, 1713. Jahandar Shah and Lal Kanwar escaped and went back to Delhi and sought help of Zulfiqar Khan. Instead of helping Jahandar Shah, Zulfiqar Khan imprisoned him in order to gain favor of the new emperor. Jahandar Shah was murdered in prison on February 11, 1713, and was buried in the vault of Humayun's tomb at the side of other members of the family.
Muhammad Farrukhsiyar 1713
[1683-1719]
Muhammad Farrukhsiyar was the grandson of Bahadur Shah I, and the son of Azim-ush-Shan. Farrukhsiyar succeeded the throne on June 11, 1713, at the age of 30 with the aid of the two Saiyid brothers. Saiyid Huseyn Ali became Wazir or Prime Minister while the other brother, Abdullah, became Commander-in-Chief of the army. Farrukhsiyar was successful in his campaign against the Sikhs and executed Banda Bahadur in 1716,
it was during Farrukhsiyar's reign in 1717 that the East India Company bought duty-free trading rights in Bengal for a mere 3,000 rupees.
Farrukhsiyar was imprisoned, starved, blinded and finally strangled to death in 1719.
The Saiyid brothers, even after deposing Farrukhsiyar, continued to play the role of kingmakers and placed on the throne Rafi-ul-Darajat who lived as a captive of the Saiyid brothers.
He was later disposed and replaced by his elder brother, Rafi-ud-Daula.
After the death of Rafi-ud-Daula, Saiyid brothers appointed Muhammad Shah, the grandson of Bahadur Shah I, as the next emperor.
Muhammad Shah [1702-1748]
Muhammad Shah was raised to the throne by the Saiyid brothers at an age of 17. He remained on the throne for 30 years.
Muhammad Shah, with the help of the Mughal nobles who were disgusted by the supremacy of the Saiyid brothers, was finally able to remove the two in 1722
In Deccan, Chin Kilich Khan, better known by his titles of Asaf Jah and Nizam-ul-Mulk, established an independent kingdom with Hyderabad as his capital, in 1724. About the same time Sa'adat Khan, the governor of Oudh, and Alivardi Khan, the governor of Bengal, also set up their respective independent kingdoms
Nadir Shah attacked Delhi in 1739 and defeated the imperial army at Karnal, near Lahore.
Nadir Shah entered Delhi without opposition on March 20, 1739, and plundered the treasures of the Mughal Empire till they were exhausted.
He took away money, jewels, diamonds and gold worth about 700 million rupees, including the famous peacock throne and the Koh-i-Noor diamond
Haider Ali was born in 1722 and was the son of Fateh Mohammad,
By 1766, the Hindu ruler of Mysore was the head merely in name, while Haider Ali assumed unquestioned control. When the Raja died in 1766, Haider Ali became the actual ruler.
In 1767, the British, in alliance with Hyderabad and the Marhattas, took the field against Haider Ali. In the first Mysore War, after some initial reverses, Haider Ali was able to defeat the British. Haider Ali took his army to the outskirts of Madras and dictated peace to the British.
In October 1780 he captured Arcot. Haider Ali boldly continued the war with the British. But in 1781, he was defeated near Madras by Eyre Coote. Haider died a year later in the midst of a campaign
Tipu Sultan, the eldest son of Haider Ali and Fatima Begum was born on December 10, 1750 at Devanhalli
He took over the kingdom of Mysore after the death of his father in 1782
He continued fighting the British and defeated them in 1783.
he was defeated in his capital, Seringapatam, and was forced to sign a humiliating treaty on March 22, 1792
• Original name of Tippu Sultan was Nawab Fateh Ali.
• 4th May 1799 was the day of Shahadat of Tippu Sultan
Ahmad Shah 1748-1754
[1725-1775]
After the death of Muhammad Shah, his son Ahmad Shah ascended the throne on April 29, 1748. At the time of his accession, he was 23 years old and had no experience in the field of administration. Although Ahmad Shah was the hero of the battle of Sarhind, in which Ahmad Shah Abdali was defeated, he lacked qualities of leadership and was unable to manage the affairs of the state. As a result the administration fell into the hands of his Wazir, Safdar Jang. Safdar Jang was also unable to run the administration proficiently and spent most of his time in internal strife and self-aggrandizement. Safdar Jang later joined the Marhattas against Ahmad Shah in 1750.
Ahmad Shah's short reign was a period of great disturbance. The Rohillas rose in rebellion and Ahmad Shah Abdali invaded Punjab for the second time and marched towards Delhi. In order to avoid the destruction of Delhi, Ahmad Shah made peace with Ahmad Shah Abdali by ceding Punjab and Multan.
Considering Ahmad Shah unfit to rule, Imad-ul-Mulk Ghazi-ud-Din, the grand son of Asaf Jah, assumed the office of Wazir. In 1754, Ahmad Shah was captured, blinded and imprisoned with the help of Marhattas, and the second son of Jahandar Shah, Aziz-ud-din Alamgir was put on the throne. Ahmad Shah died under confinement on January 1, 1775, at Delhi.
Alamgir II 1754-1759
[1699-1759]
Aziz-ud-Din, the second son of Jahandar Shah, was raised to the throne by Ghazi-ud-Din after he deposed Ahmad Shah in 1754. On ascending the throne, he took the title of Alamgir and tried to follow the approach of Aurangzeb Alamgir. At the time of his accession to throne he was an old man of 55 years. He had no experience of administration and warfare as he had spent most of his life in jail. He was a weak ruler, with all powers vested in the hand of his Wazir, Ghazi-ud-Din Imad-ul-Mulk.
In 1756, Ahmad Shah Abdali invaded India once again and captured Delhi and plundered Mathura. Marhattas became more powerful because of their collaboration with Ghazi-ud-Din, and dominated the whole of northern India. This was the peak of Marhatta expansion, which caused great trouble for the Mughal Empire, already weak with no strong ruler.
The relations between Alamgir and his Wazir, Ghazi-ud-Din, by this time had gotten worse. Alamgir was murdered by Ghazi-ud-Din, and the son of Alamgir, Ali Gauhar succeeded him.
Shah Alam II 1759-1806
[1728-1806]
After the murder of Alamgir II, his son Ali Gauhar succeeded him by taking the title of Shah Alam. Emperor Shah Alam was an ornamental figurehead with the reigns of government actually under the control of his Wazir, Ghazi-ud-Din.
Ghazi-ud-Din by his deceitful dealings had created around him a host of enemies, and in order to defeat them he sided with the Marhattas. During the reign of Alamgir II in 1758, the Marhattas had occupied Lahore and deposed Timur Shah who had been appointed a year earlier as viceroy by his father, Ahmad Shah Abdali. In August 1759, the Afghan monarch Ahmad Shah Abdali entered India. It took him almost two years to deal a fatal blow to Marhattas in the third battle of Panipat, fought on June 14, 1761. Consequently, the power of the Marhattas was crushed and their imperialistic dream of setting up a Marhatta Empire was shattered once and for all.
After the battle of Panipat, Ahmed Shah Abdali left the throne of Delhi to Shah Alam with Najib-ud-Daula as his Wazir. From 1761 to 1771, the capital was without a king. Shah Alam, after his unsuccessful effort to defeat the British in the Battle of Buxar in 1764, was taken in as the prisoner and did not return to Delhi till 1772. By giving the Diwani of Bengal, Bihar and Orrisa to the East India Company, Shah Alam further strengthened British control over the Indian Sub-continent. After the death of Najib-ud-Daula, Shah Alam remained a puppet in the hands of the ministers and the Marhattas. He appointed Sindhia, a Marhatta leader, as in-charge of the administration of Delhi.
In an expedition against Dabitah Khan, who was earlier appointed as Mir Bakhshi by Shah Alam, the entire family of Dabitah Khan and other Rohilla leaders were arrested and severely humiliated. Among them was Dabitah's son, Ghulam Qadir Rohilla, who was castrated and made to serve as a page in the palace. In September 1787, Ghulam Qadir Rohilla forced the emperor to appoint him as Mir Bakhshi and Regent. He then had to leave Delhi due to differences with the emperor, but the next year he entered Delhi to take revenge. He blinded Shah Alam with great cruelty and subjected the inmates of the palace, princes and princesses to severely hardship and humiliation. Sindhia, however, hunted him down and the blinded Shah Alam was restored as the king.
Sindhia continued to be the overlord of Delhi till he was defeated by Lord Lake in 1803. The British, whose control over India was almost complete, didn't disturb Shah Alam who was a king only in name, and continued to rule till his death in 1806.
Akbar II 1806-1837
[1760-1837]
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Shah Alam died in 1806 and was succeeded by his son, Akbar. He was king only in name and was the head of the royal establishment in the Red Fort of Delhi. The British by this time had consolidated their powers and had established a strong foothold in India. The Mughal king was treated as a pensioner of the East India Company and had little authority. Akbar, however, did try to get some of the privileges, which the British had accorded at the time of British conquest of Delhi, by sending Ram Mohan Roy as his envoy to England. Ram Mohan Roy submitted a draft memorial on the behalf of Akbar, but nothing came out of the mission as he died soon afterwards. Akbar died in 1837 and was succeeded by his son, Bahadur Shah Zafar, who was destined to be the last Mughal emperor to rule India.
Bahadur Shah Zafar 1837-1857
[1775-1862]
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The last Mughal king, Bahadur Shah, better known as Bahadur Shah Zafar, was born in 1775 at Delhi. He was the son of Akbar Shah from his Hindu wife Lalbai. Bahadur Shah, after the death of his father, was placed on the throne in 1837 when he was little over 60 years of age. He was last in the lineage of Mughal emperors who ruled over India for about 300 years. Bahadur Shah Zafar, like his predecessors, was a weak ruler who came to throne when the British domination over India was strengthening and the Mughal rule was nearing its end. The British had curtailed the power and privileges of the Mughal rulers to such an extent that by the time of Bahadur Shah Zafar, the Mughal rule was confined to the Red Fort. Bahadur Shah Zafar was obliged to live on British pension, while the reins of real power lay in the hands of the East India Company.
During the reign of Bahadur Shah Zafar, Urdu poetry flourished and reached its zenith. He himself was a prolific poet and an accomplished calligrapher. He had acquired his poetic taste from his grandfather and father who were also poets. He passed most of his time in the company of poets and writers and was the author of four diwans. Love and mysticism were his favorite subjects that found expression in his poetry. Most of his poetry is full of pain and sorrow owing to the distress and degradation he had to face at the hands of the British. He was a great patron of poetry and literary work and some of the most eminent and famous Urdu poets like Mirza Ghalib, Zauk, Momin and Daagh were of his time.
A plaque proclaiming the end of the Mughal Dynasty
It was at the time of Bahadur Shah that the War of Independence in 1857 started. In Bahadur Shah Zafar the freedom fighters found the symbol of freedom and therefore nominated him as their Commander-in-Chief. In the initial stages, the freedom fighters were successful, but later on the strong and organized British forces defeated them. Bahadur Shah, who had been proclaimed as an emperor of whole of India, was overthrown. He was arrested from Humayun's tomb, in Delhi, where he was hiding with his three sons and a grandson. Captain Hodson killed his sons and grandson and their severed heads were brought before him. Bahadur Shah Zafar himself was tried for treachery. He was exiled to Rangoon (now Yangon), Burma (now Myanmar), in 1858 where he lived his last five years and died in 1862 at the age of 87.
• Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya’s Dargah is located at Delhi.
• Baba Farid Gang Shakar was the first Punjabi poet.
• Waris shah is called the ‘Shakespeare of Punjabi literature’.
• Tomb named Khawaja Moin ud Din Chisti is in Ajmer.
• Hazrat Bullay Shah was a famous Sufi poet of Punjabi language. His tomb is in the city of Kasur.
• Thatta was the capital city of Sindh during Argons and Turkans
• Akbar the Great was born in Umar Kot.
• Shalamar Bagh was built by Shah Jahan (Shahabuddin Mohd: Shah Jahan) (also called Shahzada Khuram)
• Jahan Ara begum was the daughter of Shah Jahan
• Mehmood set out on Somnath on17 Oct: 1024 A.D.
• 1st battle of Tarrin was fought b/w Mohd: Ghouri & Rajput (1191), Ghori was defeated. In 1192 A.D, the 2nd battle of Tarrin, Ghori wins.
• Ahmed Shah Abdali was the King of Kabul.
• Ahmed Shah Abdali defeated Marhatas in 1761.
• Pan Islamism introduced by Jamaludding Afghani.
• Nadir Shah of Iran invaded Delhi during the period of Mohd: Shah Rangila (The Moughal Emperor)..
• Battle of Plassey was fought in 1757 b/w Clive and Siraj-ud-Daula which established British rule in Bengal.
• Baba Farid Gang Shakar was the first Punjabi poet.
• Waris shah is called the ‘Shakespeare of Punjabi literature’.
• Tomb named Khawaja Moin ud Din Chisti is in Ajmer.
• Hazrat Bullay Shah was a famous Sufi poet of Punjabi language. His tomb is in the city of Kasur.
• Thatta was the capital city of Sindh during Argons and Turkans
• Akbar the Great was born in Umar Kot.
• Shalamar Bagh was built by Shah Jahan (Shahabuddin Mohd: Shah Jahan) (also called Shahzada Khuram)
• Jahan Ara begum was the daughter of Shah Jahan
• Mehmood set out on Somnath on17 Oct: 1024 A.D.
• 1st battle of Tarrin was fought b/w Mohd: Ghouri & Rajput (1191), Ghori was defeated. In 1192 A.D, the 2nd battle of Tarrin, Ghori wins.
• Ahmed Shah Abdali was the King of Kabul.
• Ahmed Shah Abdali defeated Marhatas in 1761.
• Pan Islamism introduced by Jamaludding Afghani.
• Nadir Shah of Iran invaded Delhi during the period of Mohd: Shah Rangila (The Moughal Emperor)..
• Battle of Plassey was fought in 1757 b/w Clive and Siraj-ud-Daula which established British rule in Bengal.
• The original name of Sultan Siraj Doullah (the Nawab of Bengal) was Mirza Mohd:
• First war of freedom was fought in 1757 b/w Siraju Doullah and Rober Clive.
• First war of freedom was fought in 1757 b/w Siraju Doullah and Rober Clive.
• Sindh was annexed by Birtish in 1847 and was separated from Bombay in 1935 vide India Act 1935.
• Mausm Khan, soldier of Titu Mir was sentenced to death.
• Mausm Khan, soldier of Titu Mir was sentenced to death.
• Shah Alam II was an ally of Mir Qasim in the Battle of Buxar.
• Real name of Shah Waliullah was Ahmed and his historical name was Azimuddin.
• Real name of Shah Waliullah was Ahmed and his historical name was Azimuddin.
Haji Shariatullah was born in Banderlakola, Faridpur district, in 1781. He was the son of an ordinary farmer. After getting his early education from his village, he went to Arabia to perform Hajj at an early age of 18 years. He stayed there from 1799 to 1818 and got his religious education. He learnt Arabic and Persian from his teacher, Maulana Basharat. During his stay in Arabia he came into close contact with Wahabism started by Muhammad bin Abdul Wahab. On his return to Bengal he sought to purify Islam that was impaired by the Hindu influence.
• Haji Shareetullah of Bengal was the founder of Farazi Tehriz in 1802. Farazi Tehriz meant to pay more attention on fundamental of Islam.
After the death of Haji Shariatullah in 1840, his son, Muhammad Mohsin, popularly known as Dadhu Mian, organized the movemen
• Syed Ahmed of Rai Brelli (Oudh) was the founder of Jehad Tehrik against Sikhs. He was martyred at Balakot (NWF) in 1831.
• Battle of Buxar was fought in 1764.
• Haji Shariat Ullah was born in 1781
• The main aim of Brahma Samaj was Reform in Hinduism.
• Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded Brahma Samaj.
• Ani- Muslim Arya Samaj (1877) was founded by Dayanand Sirasoti. Arya Samaj was founded in 1875 (chk)
• In 1805, British made Sri Lanka a colony.
• British annexed NWFP in 1849.
• Wardha scheme written by Zakir Hussain.
• Sati was abolished by Lord William Bantink.
• First census in India made during the period of Lord Mayo.
• Moen-jo-DAro & Herapa discovered in 1922.
• Sir John Marshal ordered digging of Moen jo Daro in 1922.
• East India Company was formed in 1600 in London.
• In India French East India company was established in 1664.
• Raishmi Romal campaign started by Ubaidullah Sindhi before war of Independence.
• War of Independence started on 7th May, 1857 from Delhi.
• Lord Canning was the Governor General of India during Sepoy Mutiny.
• In India the first gate of enterance of Europeans was Bengal.
• At Meerath firstly the war of independence was fought.
• War of independence started on 9th May, 1857.
• The first Viceroy of the subcontinent was Lord Canning.
• Queen’s Proclamation was made in 1858.
• Indian National Congress made by Allan O. Hume in 1885.
• First president of Congress was W.C. Benerjee.
• 72 members attended the first meeting of Congress at Bombay out of them only 2 were Muslims.
• Warren Hastings was the first Governor General of Bengal.
• Hindi-Urdu controversy started in 1867.
• Mohsin-ul-Mulk founded Urdu Defence Association.
• Syed Ahmed Khan born on 17th Oct: 1817 in Delhi & died March 241898 at Ali Gargh.
• Sir Syed is buried in Ali Garh Muslim University.
• Tahzibul Ikhelaque was published in 1870. (1867 chk)
• Asrar-us-Sanadeed was compiled by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan.
• Sir Syed wrote Loyal Mohammandan’s of India & Causes of Indian Revolt.
• Hayate-e-Javed is written by Maulana Hali about Sir Syed.
• In Indai English education was first initiated in Bengal in 1835.
• Shah Waliullah was born in Delhi.
• Madressah Rahimiya was established by Shah Abdul Rahim.
• Scientific society was established in 1863.
• Albert Bill was presented in 1883
• NWFP was separated from Punjab by the British in 1901, Lord Curzon was then the viceroy and GG of British India.
• Mohammadan Educational Conference was formed on 27 Dec: 1886 by Sir Syed.
• Muhammadan Literacy Society of Calcutta founded in 1860.
• “Indian Patriotic Association” was founded in 1861.
• Nidwatul Ulema (1884) was founded by Molvi Abdul Ghafoor Qasim Nativi. Nadvat-ul-Ulema was founded in 1894 and Maulvi Abdul Ghafoor was its founder.(chk)
• Darul-ul Deoband (1867) was founded by Mohd: Qasim Nanavatavi.
• MAO College founded on Jan: 8, 1877 and inaugurated by Governor General Lord Lyton.
• Present Sindhi alphabets made by Sir Barter Frere in 1883.
• Anjuman-e-himayat-Islam was founded in 1884.
• Sindh Madrasa built by Hassan Ali Afandi on 1st Sep: 1885.
• DJ (Diwan Dayaram Jethmal) Science College was opened by Governor of Bombay Lord Reay on 17th Jan: 1887.
• Islamia High School Peshawar was founded in 1890.
• Muslim Aligargh University was established in 1920.
• Treaty of Amritsar took place in 1876.
• Kashmir was sold to Gulab Singh in 1845.
• NWFP was given status of province in 1901.
• Shakespeare (not William Shakespeare) was the governor of Banarus.
• Mohammadan Political Association was formed in 1903.
• Partition of Bengal announced on 1st Sept: 1905 & implemented on 16 Oct: 1905 by Lord Curzon.
• Partition of Bengal annulled: 10th Dec: 1911 by Lord Hardinge.
• Swadeshi movement was started against Partition of Bengal.
• Bengal divided in East Bengal (Muslim Bengal) & West Bengal (Hindu Bengal) in July 1905 by Lord Curzon. Capital of Muslim Bengal was Dacca and that of Hindu Bengal was Calcutta.
• The partition of Bengal was annulled on 12th Dec: 1911 by King George-V and Queen Marry.
• The president of Simla Deputation (1st Oct: 1906) was Agha Khan III and secretary was Mohsanul Mulk.
• Muslim League founded on 30 Dec: 1906 at Decca.
• ML was formed in the annual session of Muslim Educational Conference in Decca with the proposal of Nawab Salimullah.
• The HQ of ML was established at Lucknnow.
• Initial membership of ML was 400.
• Mohd: Ali Johr wrote the constitution of ML: The Green Book.
• Inagural session of ML was presided by Nawab Samiullah.
• Inagural address was delivered by Nawab Vikarul Mulk.
• First session of ML was held on 30th Dec: 1907 at Karachi.
• First session of ML held in Karachi 31st Dec: 1907 was presided over by Adamjee Pri Bhai of Bombay.
• The original name of Mohsanu-ul-Mulk was Mehdi Ali Khan.
• Original name of Waqaul Mulk was Molvi Mohd: Shah.
• 1st President of ML was Agha Khan III. (upto 1913).
• Sir Agha Khan remained permanent president of ML till 1913.
• First VC of Aligarh University was Agha Khan 3.
• Agha Khan III was born in Karachi and was buried in Egypt.
• Real name of Agha Khan III was Sultan Mohd: Shah.
• First secretary general of ML was Hussain Bilgrami.
• 2nd President of ML was Sir Ali Mohd: Khan when Agha Khan III resigned in 1913.
• Sir Mohammad Shafik was the second general secretary of Muslim League.
• Syyed Amir Ali established ML London in 1908.
• Quaid attended 1st time Muslim League session in 1912. (chk)
• Quaid resigned from Imerial Legislative Council as a protest against Rowlatt Act in 1919.
• Quaid became ML president 1919-1924 (chk it).
• Quaid joined ML 10 Oct 1913.
• Syed Amir Ali resigned from ML in 1913.
• Quaid resigned from Congress and Home Rule League in Dec: 1920 (Nagpur Session) became ML president in 1916. (chk it)
• Quaid held joint membership of ML & Congress for 7 years i.e from 1913-1920
• He presided the ML Lucknow session of 1916 and Delhi session of 1924, became permanent president of ML in 1934.
• Lord Minto came to India as viceroy in 1915.
• Minto Morley reforms 1909: introduced separate electorates.
• Minto Morley reforms: Minto was Indian Viceroy and Morley was state secretary for India.
• Montague Chemsford Reforms came in 1919.
• ML demanded principle of self rule for India in 1913.
• Kanpur mosque incident took place in 1913.
• Jillanwalla Bagh is in Amritsar. It was place where a number of Indian killed by the English on 13th April, 1919.
• General Dair was the army commander of Amritsar during Jullianwala bagh slaughter (1919).
• Lucknow Pact came in Nov: 1916.
• Home Rule Movement was founded by Mrs. Annie Basent an English Parsi lady in 1916 after Lucknew pact.
• Rowalt Act was passed in 1919.
• Khilafat Movement started in 1919 and ended in March 1921.
• All Indai Khilafat committee was founded in Bombay on 5th Juley 1919 and Seth Chuttani became its first president.
• First meeting of All Indai Khilafat Movement was held on 23rd Nov: 1919 and was presided over by Molvi Fazal Haq of Bengl. Its headquarter was at Bombay.
• Khilafat day was observed on 27th October, 1919.
• Indian Khilafat Delegation met with Lloyd George.
• Mopala uuprising in Malabar 1921.
• Chauri Chuara incident tookplace in 1922.
• Non-cooperation movement was called off by Gandhi because of Chauri-Chaura incident 1922.
• Shuddi and Sangathan movement was started at the end of Tahreek Khilafat.
• Sangathan movement was started by Pandit Malavia.
• Treaty of Lausanne was signed in 1923.
• Mustafa Kamal: first president of Turkey on 23rd Oct: 1923.
• Atta Turk means the father of Turks.
• Khilafat was abolished in 1924.
• Last caliph of Turkish State was Abdul Majeed Afandi.
• Hijrat Movement took place in 1924
• Reshimi Roomal movement of 1915 started by Maulana Mehmood-ul-Hassan.
• Lord Rippon is associated with the Hunter Commission.
• Lord Dalhousie is associated with Wood’s Dispatch.
• Lord Cornwalls is associated with permanent settlement of Bengal.
• Delhi proposals presented by Quaid-e-Azam in March 1927.
• Nehru Report was produced by Motilal Nehru in 1928.
• Shoaib Qureshi was one muslim member who took part in writing the Nehru Report.
• 14 Points came in March 1929 from Delhi.
• Simon Commission visited India in 1928 and consisted of 7 members.
• British cabinet minister Cripps came to India in March 1942.
• Civil Disobedience Movement started by Gandhi on 12th March, 1930.
• Simon Commission submitted its report in 1930.
• Ist Session of Round Table Conference from 12Nov1930 to 19Jan1931. (Mohd: Ali Johar participated in it, Congress was absent.)
• Congress absent in 1st RTC, leaders were in jail due to civil disobedience.
• Leader in the 1st RTC was Agha Khan III.
• Quaid attended RTC 1, not attended RTC 2&3. After RTC 1, he renounced politics and persued lawyership.
• The PM of England during 1st Roundtable was Ramshy Macdonald.
• 2nd Session of RTC from 7Sep1931 to 31stSep1931. Gandhi represented Congress.
• Gandhi-Irwin pact was made on March 5, 1931.
• 3rd Session of RTC from 17Nov:1932 to 24Dec: 1932.
• British opposition did not participate in RTC III.
• Communal award published in 1932.
• White Paper of RTC published in Marchi 1933.
• Begum Shahnawaz attended one RTC.
• Mohd: Ali Johar Started Comrade & Hamdard (1912) from Calcutta.
• Name of Bi-Aman was Abidi Begum. (chk afridi begum)
• Mohd: Ali Johar borin in1878 at Rampur and died at the age of 54 on 4ht Jan: 1931 at London and was buried in Bait-ul-Mukadas (Jerusalem).
• Wife of Mohd: Ali Johar was Amjadi Begum.
• Moulana Shoukat Ali, the elder brother of Mohd: Ali was born in 1872 and died on 28th Nov: 1938 and buried at Jamia Mosque Delhi.
• Zamidar (1903) started by Zafar Ali Khan from Lahore.
• Daily Dawn (1942) by Quaid.
• Daily Jang (1940) by Mir Khalilur Rehman.
• Daily al-Halal by Abdeul Kalam.
• Ch: Rehmat Ali is associated with Delhi Darbar.
• IN 1908, Iqbal was awarded Ph.D from Munich University for Persian Philosophy.
• Allama Iqbal born on 9th Nov: 1877 at Sialkot and died on 21st April, 1938
• Allama Iqbal was tutored by Moulvi Syed Mir Hassan.
• Iqbal was elected as a member of Punjab Legislative Assembly in 1926 and chosen president of ML in 1930.
• Jinnah means Lion.
• Jinnah means Thiner. He was 5 feet, 11 ½ inches in height.
• Quaid got education of law from Lincolin’s Inn.
• “Quaid” used by Molvi Mazharul Haq in newspaper Al-Aman.
• Wife of Quaid was Ratan Bai.
• Quid’s father was Jinnah Poonja.
• Jinnah Poonja was born in 1850 and married with Mithi Bai.
• Poonja was grand father of Quaid.
• Jinnah joined Congress in 1906& in 1913 ML in London.
• Quaid born on 25th Dec: 1876 and died on 11 Sep: 1948.
• Jinnah joined ML on the insistence of Mohd: Ali Johar and Syed Wazir Hassan.
• Jinnah got admission in at Gokal Das Teg primary school Bombay at the age of 10 he studied for 5 ½ months.
• Jinnah went to London and got law degree at the age of 18 form LINCONINN.
• Sir Dinsha was the father of Ratna (the wife of Jinnah).
• Ratna embrassed Islam on 18th April 1918 and married Jinnah on 19th April 1918. before that she was Parsi. She died on 20th Feb: 1929 and was buried in Aram Bagh Bombay.
• Dinna, the daughter of Jinnah was born on 14th August, 1919.
• Dinna married a Parsi boy named Navel Wadya.
• Jinnah left the lawyership after 23rd March, 1940 nd returned to India in April 1934.
• Pakistan national movement was founded by Ch: Rahmat Ali.
• Lilaquat Ali Khan Joined Muslim League in 1924.
• Sindh separated from Bombay in 1935.
• The system of Dyarchy (Two authorities) was in operation from 1921-1937. (chk it).
• Dyarchy introduced in 1919 reforms and removed in 1935 Act.
• Dyarchy was introduced as a constitutional reform by E.S. Montague and Lord Chelmsford.
• Dyarchy divided India into 8 major provinces (excluding Burma.)
• Jinnah-Rajendra Prasal formula came in 1935.
• Provincial elections held in 1937.
• Pirpur Report about congress ministries came in 1938.
• Shareef report about Bihar came in 1939.
• Muslims observed “Day of Deliverance” on 22nd Dec: 1939.
• A committee under the chairmanship of Raja Mohd: Mehdi was appointed to inquire into congress ministries.
• August Offer was offered by Viceroy Lord Llinthgow in 1940.
• Cripps visited India in 1942.
• Quit India movement started in1942.
• Simla conference (June, 1945) was presented by Lord Wavel.
• Wavel plan was made in 1945.
• In 1945, Labour Party came to power.
• In 1945 elections ML won 428 out of 492 seats.
• In 1946, Quaid decided to join Interim govt in India.
• In interim govt: ML got portfolis of Finance & Liaquat Ali was Finance Minister.
• J.N.Mandal was the non-Muslim member who became a minister in interim govt: on ML behalf.
• On the arrival of Simon Commission, ML was divided in to Mohd: Shafee & Quaid groups.
• Unionist’s Ministry was in Punjab.
• Fouinder of Unionist Party in Punjab was Sir Fazle Hussain.
• Sir Siney Rollet was the president of Rollet Committee whose objective was to check Home Rule Movement.
• Real name of Gandhi was Mohan Das Karam Chand Gandhi.
• Burma separated from India in 1935 and was made independent in 1947.
• Sindh asssembley passed the resoluation for the creation of Pak: firstly on June 26, 1947.
• Lahore Resolution was presented in 27th Session of Muslim League at Monto Park (now Iqbal Park) on 23rd March, 1940 by Fazal-al-Qaq of Bengal. Quaid presided the session.
• The book ‘last dominion’ was written by Carthill.
• “Divide and Quit” is wtitten by Penderel Moon.
• “Mission with Mountbatten” written by Campbell Johnson.
• Liaquat Desai pact was concluded in 1946.
• Cabinet mission announced its plan on 16th May, 1946.
• Cabinet Mission consisted of 8 members.
• ML accepted Cabinet Mission but Congress rejected it.
• Muslim League observed direct action day on 16th August 1946.
• On 18th July, 1947, British parliament passed Indian Independence Bill.
• MP of England at the time of independence of Pak: was Lord Cunet Iteley.
• Redcliffe Award announced on 15th August 1947.
• On April, 1947, All India State’s Conference was held in Gawalior.
• Inquilab Zindabad slogan was given by Mohammd Iqbal.
• Initial membership of ML was 400.
• Mohd: Ali Johr wrote the constitution of ML: The Green Book.
• Inagural session of ML was presided by Nawab Samiullah.
• Inagural address was delivered by Nawab Vikarul Mulk.
• First session of ML was held on 30th Dec: 1907 at Karachi.
• First session of ML held in Karachi 31st Dec: 1907 was presided over by Adamjee Pri Bhai of Bombay.
• The original name of Mohsanu-ul-Mulk was Mehdi Ali Khan.
• Original name of Waqaul Mulk was Molvi Mohd: Shah.
• 1st President of ML was Agha Khan III. (upto 1913).
• Sir Agha Khan remained permanent president of ML till 1913.
• First VC of Aligarh University was Agha Khan 3.
• Agha Khan III was born in Karachi and was buried in Egypt.
• Real name of Agha Khan III was Sultan Mohd: Shah.
• First secretary general of ML was Hussain Bilgrami.
• 2nd President of ML was Sir Ali Mohd: Khan when Agha Khan III resigned in 1913.
• Sir Mohammad Shafik was the second general secretary of Muslim League.
• Syyed Amir Ali established ML London in 1908.
• Quaid attended 1st time Muslim League session in 1912. (chk)
• Quaid resigned from Imerial Legislative Council as a protest against Rowlatt Act in 1919.
• Quaid became ML president 1919-1924 (chk it).
• Quaid joined ML 10 Oct 1913.
• Syed Amir Ali resigned from ML in 1913.
• Quaid resigned from Congress and Home Rule League in Dec: 1920 (Nagpur Session) became ML president in 1916. (chk it)
• Quaid held joint membership of ML & Congress for 7 years i.e from 1913-1920
• He presided the ML Lucknow session of 1916 and Delhi session of 1924, became permanent president of ML in 1934.
• Lord Minto came to India as viceroy in 1915.
• Minto Morley reforms 1909: introduced separate electorates.
• Minto Morley reforms: Minto was Indian Viceroy and Morley was state secretary for India.
• Montague Chemsford Reforms came in 1919.
• ML demanded principle of self rule for India in 1913.
• Kanpur mosque incident took place in 1913.
• Jillanwalla Bagh is in Amritsar. It was place where a number of Indian killed by the English on 13th April, 1919.
• General Dair was the army commander of Amritsar during Jullianwala bagh slaughter (1919).
• Lucknow Pact came in Nov: 1916.
• Home Rule Movement was founded by Mrs. Annie Basent an English Parsi lady in 1916 after Lucknew pact.
• Rowalt Act was passed in 1919.
• Khilafat Movement started in 1919 and ended in March 1921.
• All Indai Khilafat committee was founded in Bombay on 5th Juley 1919 and Seth Chuttani became its first president.
• First meeting of All Indai Khilafat Movement was held on 23rd Nov: 1919 and was presided over by Molvi Fazal Haq of Bengl. Its headquarter was at Bombay.
• Khilafat day was observed on 27th October, 1919.
• Indian Khilafat Delegation met with Lloyd George.
• Mopala uuprising in Malabar 1921.
• Chauri Chuara incident tookplace in 1922.
• Non-cooperation movement was called off by Gandhi because of Chauri-Chaura incident 1922.
• Shuddi and Sangathan movement was started at the end of Tahreek Khilafat.
• Sangathan movement was started by Pandit Malavia.
• Treaty of Lausanne was signed in 1923.
• Mustafa Kamal: first president of Turkey on 23rd Oct: 1923.
• Atta Turk means the father of Turks.
• Khilafat was abolished in 1924.
• Last caliph of Turkish State was Abdul Majeed Afandi.
• Hijrat Movement took place in 1924
• Reshimi Roomal movement of 1915 started by Maulana Mehmood-ul-Hassan.
• Lord Rippon is associated with the Hunter Commission.
• Lord Dalhousie is associated with Wood’s Dispatch.
• Lord Cornwalls is associated with permanent settlement of Bengal.
• Delhi proposals presented by Quaid-e-Azam in March 1927.
• Nehru Report was produced by Motilal Nehru in 1928.
• Shoaib Qureshi was one muslim member who took part in writing the Nehru Report.
• 14 Points came in March 1929 from Delhi.
• Simon Commission visited India in 1928 and consisted of 7 members.
• British cabinet minister Cripps came to India in March 1942.
• Civil Disobedience Movement started by Gandhi on 12th March, 1930.
• Simon Commission submitted its report in 1930.
• Ist Session of Round Table Conference from 12Nov1930 to 19Jan1931. (Mohd: Ali Johar participated in it, Congress was absent.)
• Congress absent in 1st RTC, leaders were in jail due to civil disobedience.
• Leader in the 1st RTC was Agha Khan III.
• Quaid attended RTC 1, not attended RTC 2&3. After RTC 1, he renounced politics and persued lawyership.
• The PM of England during 1st Roundtable was Ramshy Macdonald.
• 2nd Session of RTC from 7Sep1931 to 31stSep1931. Gandhi represented Congress.
• Gandhi-Irwin pact was made on March 5, 1931.
• 3rd Session of RTC from 17Nov:1932 to 24Dec: 1932.
• British opposition did not participate in RTC III.
• Communal award published in 1932.
• White Paper of RTC published in Marchi 1933.
• Begum Shahnawaz attended one RTC.
• Mohd: Ali Johar Started Comrade & Hamdard (1912) from Calcutta.
• Name of Bi-Aman was Abidi Begum. (chk afridi begum)
• Mohd: Ali Johar borin in1878 at Rampur and died at the age of 54 on 4ht Jan: 1931 at London and was buried in Bait-ul-Mukadas (Jerusalem).
• Wife of Mohd: Ali Johar was Amjadi Begum.
• Moulana Shoukat Ali, the elder brother of Mohd: Ali was born in 1872 and died on 28th Nov: 1938 and buried at Jamia Mosque Delhi.
• Zamidar (1903) started by Zafar Ali Khan from Lahore.
• Daily Dawn (1942) by Quaid.
• Daily Jang (1940) by Mir Khalilur Rehman.
• Daily al-Halal by Abdeul Kalam.
• Ch: Rehmat Ali is associated with Delhi Darbar.
• IN 1908, Iqbal was awarded Ph.D from Munich University for Persian Philosophy.
• Allama Iqbal born on 9th Nov: 1877 at Sialkot and died on 21st April, 1938
• Allama Iqbal was tutored by Moulvi Syed Mir Hassan.
• Iqbal was elected as a member of Punjab Legislative Assembly in 1926 and chosen president of ML in 1930.
• Jinnah means Lion.
• Jinnah means Thiner. He was 5 feet, 11 ½ inches in height.
• Quaid got education of law from Lincolin’s Inn.
• “Quaid” used by Molvi Mazharul Haq in newspaper Al-Aman.
• Wife of Quaid was Ratan Bai.
• Quid’s father was Jinnah Poonja.
• Jinnah Poonja was born in 1850 and married with Mithi Bai.
• Poonja was grand father of Quaid.
• Jinnah joined Congress in 1906& in 1913 ML in London.
• Quaid born on 25th Dec: 1876 and died on 11 Sep: 1948.
• Jinnah joined ML on the insistence of Mohd: Ali Johar and Syed Wazir Hassan.
• Jinnah got admission in at Gokal Das Teg primary school Bombay at the age of 10 he studied for 5 ½ months.
• Jinnah went to London and got law degree at the age of 18 form LINCONINN.
• Sir Dinsha was the father of Ratna (the wife of Jinnah).
• Ratna embrassed Islam on 18th April 1918 and married Jinnah on 19th April 1918. before that she was Parsi. She died on 20th Feb: 1929 and was buried in Aram Bagh Bombay.
• Dinna, the daughter of Jinnah was born on 14th August, 1919.
• Dinna married a Parsi boy named Navel Wadya.
• Jinnah left the lawyership after 23rd March, 1940 nd returned to India in April 1934.
• Pakistan national movement was founded by Ch: Rahmat Ali.
• Lilaquat Ali Khan Joined Muslim League in 1924.
• Sindh separated from Bombay in 1935.
• The system of Dyarchy (Two authorities) was in operation from 1921-1937. (chk it).
• Dyarchy introduced in 1919 reforms and removed in 1935 Act.
• Dyarchy was introduced as a constitutional reform by E.S. Montague and Lord Chelmsford.
• Dyarchy divided India into 8 major provinces (excluding Burma.)
• Jinnah-Rajendra Prasal formula came in 1935.
• Provincial elections held in 1937.
• Pirpur Report about congress ministries came in 1938.
• Shareef report about Bihar came in 1939.
• Muslims observed “Day of Deliverance” on 22nd Dec: 1939.
• A committee under the chairmanship of Raja Mohd: Mehdi was appointed to inquire into congress ministries.
• August Offer was offered by Viceroy Lord Llinthgow in 1940.
• Cripps visited India in 1942.
• Quit India movement started in1942.
• Simla conference (June, 1945) was presented by Lord Wavel.
• Wavel plan was made in 1945.
• In 1945, Labour Party came to power.
• In 1945 elections ML won 428 out of 492 seats.
• In 1946, Quaid decided to join Interim govt in India.
• In interim govt: ML got portfolis of Finance & Liaquat Ali was Finance Minister.
• J.N.Mandal was the non-Muslim member who became a minister in interim govt: on ML behalf.
• On the arrival of Simon Commission, ML was divided in to Mohd: Shafee & Quaid groups.
• Unionist’s Ministry was in Punjab.
• Fouinder of Unionist Party in Punjab was Sir Fazle Hussain.
• Sir Siney Rollet was the president of Rollet Committee whose objective was to check Home Rule Movement.
• Real name of Gandhi was Mohan Das Karam Chand Gandhi.
• Burma separated from India in 1935 and was made independent in 1947.
• Sindh asssembley passed the resoluation for the creation of Pak: firstly on June 26, 1947.
• Lahore Resolution was presented in 27th Session of Muslim League at Monto Park (now Iqbal Park) on 23rd March, 1940 by Fazal-al-Qaq of Bengal. Quaid presided the session.
• The book ‘last dominion’ was written by Carthill.
• “Divide and Quit” is wtitten by Penderel Moon.
• “Mission with Mountbatten” written by Campbell Johnson.
• Liaquat Desai pact was concluded in 1946.
• Cabinet mission announced its plan on 16th May, 1946.
• Cabinet Mission consisted of 8 members.
• ML accepted Cabinet Mission but Congress rejected it.
• Muslim League observed direct action day on 16th August 1946.
• On 18th July, 1947, British parliament passed Indian Independence Bill.
• MP of England at the time of independence of Pak: was Lord Cunet Iteley.
• Redcliffe Award announced on 15th August 1947.
• On April, 1947, All India State’s Conference was held in Gawalior.
• Inquilab Zindabad slogan was given by Mohammd Iqbal.