GOVERNOR GENERALS
ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF PAKISTAN
ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF PAKISTAN
S.
No.
|
Name
|
Duration
|
1.
|
Mr. Mohammad Ali Jinnah
(Quaid-e-Azam) Father of the Nation |
15-08-1947
to 11-09-1948
|
2.
|
Khawaja Nazimuddin
|
14-09-1948
to 16-10-1951
|
3.
|
Malik Ghulam Mohammad
|
19-10-1951
to 05-10-1955
|
4.
|
Maj. General Isakandar Mirza
|
06-10-1955
to 22-03-1956
|
PRIME MINISTERS
ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF PAKISTAN
ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF PAKISTAN
S.
No.
|
Name
|
Duration
|
1.
|
Mr. Liaqat Ali Khan
|
15-08-1947
to 16-10-1951
|
2.
|
Khawaja Nazimuddin
|
17-10-1951 to 17-04-1953
|
3.
|
Mr. Mohammad Ali Bogra
|
17-04-1953
to 11-08-1955
|
4.
|
Ch. Mohammed Ali
|
11-08-1955
to 12-09-1956
|
5.
|
Mr. Hussain Shaheed Suharwardi
|
12-09-1956
to 18-10-1957
|
6.
|
Mr. Ibrahim Ismail Chaundrigar
|
18-10-1957
to 16-12-1957
|
7.
|
Malik Feroz Khan Noon
|
16-12-1957
to 07-10-1958
|
8.
|
Mr. Noor-ul-Amin
|
07-12-1971
to 20-12-1971
|
9.
|
Mr. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto
|
14-08-1973
to 05-07-1977
|
10.
|
Mr. Muhammad Khan Junejo
|
23-03-1985
to 29-05-1988
|
11.
|
Mohtrama Benazir Bhutto
|
02-12-1988
to 06-08-1990
|
12.
|
Mr. Ghulam Mustafa Khan Jatoi
(Caretaker)
|
06-08-1990
to 06-11-1990
|
13.
|
Mian Mohammed Nawaz Sharif
|
06-11-1990
to 18-04-1993
|
14.
|
Mir Balakh Sher Mazari (Caretaker)
|
18-04-1993
to 26-05-1993
|
15.
|
Mian Mohammed Nawaz Sharif
|
26-05-1993
to 08-07-1993
|
16.
|
Mr. Moin Qureshi (Caretaker)
|
08-07-1993
to 19-10-1993
|
17.
|
Mohtrama Benazir Bhutto
|
19-10-1993
to 05-11-1996
|
18.
|
Malik Meraj Khalid
(Caretaker)
|
06-10-1996
to 17-02-1997
|
19.
|
Mian Mohammed Nawaz Sharif
|
17-02-1997
to 12-10-1999
|
20.
|
General Parvez Musharraf (Chief
Executive)
|
12-10-1999
to 23-11-2002
|
21.
|
Mir Zafarullah Khan Jamali
|
23-11-2002 to
26-06-2004
|
22.
|
Chuadhary Shujaat Hussain
|
30-06-2004 to
26-08-2004
|
23.
|
Mr. Shaukat Aziz
|
28-08-2004 to
15-11-2007
|
24.
|
Mr. Muhammad Mian Soomro
(Caretaker)
|
16-11-2007 to
24-03-2008
|
25.
|
Syed
Yousaf Raza Gillani
|
25-03-2008
to date
|
National Assembly
Dr. Fehmida Mirza
First Woman Speaker
Faisal Karim Kundi Deputy Speaker
COMPOSITION
|
Senate
The
membership of the Senate, which was originally 45, was raised to 63 in 1977 and
to 87 in 1985. The government of Gen. Pervez Musharraf raised the membership of
the Senate from 87 to 100 in 2002.
COMPOSITION
|
Chairman, Senate of
Pakistan Farooq Hamid Naek. Deputy Chairman Jan Mohammad Jamali
Elections
Senate elections take place in
accordance with Article 59 of the Constitution. Each of the four provincial
assemblies elect twenty two members from their respective provinces which
include fourteen on general seats, four on seats reserved for technocrats
including Ulema and four on seats reserved for women. Four members i.e. two on
general seats, one technocrat including Aalim and one woman are elected from
the Federal Capital whereas eight members are elected from the Federally
Administered Tribal Areas in such manner as the President may, by order
prescribe.
The Senate is a permanent
legislative body which symbolizes a process of continuity in the national
affairs. The term of its members is six years. However, one-half of its members
retire after every three years. A casual vacancy in the Senate, caused by
resignation, death, incapacitation, disqualification or removal of a member, is
filled through election by the respective electoral college and the member so
elected holds office for the un-expired term of the member whose vacancy he has
filled.
A person seeking election to the
Senate should be a graduate of not less than thirty years of age and should be
registered as a voter in an area or province from where he seeks election and
should meet other qualifications prescribed under Article 62 and 63 of the
Constitution.
Chairman and Deputy Chairman
After the Senate has been duly
constituted, at its first meeting, it elects, from amongst its members, a Chairman
and a Deputy Chairman. Whenever the office of the Chairman or the Deputy
Chairman becomes vacant the Senate elects another member as Chairman or as the
case may be, the Deputy Chairman.
Term of office of the Chairman and
the Deputy Chairman is three years. In absence of the Chairman, the Deputy
Chairman acts as Chairman.
The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman
can be removed from the office by means of a resolution moved by a member under
Article 61 read with paragraph ( c ) of clause (7) of Article 53. The Chairman
or, as the case may be, the Deputy Chairman cannot preside the meeting of the
Senate in which a resolution for his removal from office is being considered.
At the commencement of each session
the Chairman nominates, from amongst its members, in an order of precedence a
panel of not more than three presiding officers. In absence of the Chairman and
the Deputy Chairman, a member of the panel present, having precedence, presides
over the sitting of the Senate.
Summoning and Prorogation of the Senate
The President, from time to time,
summons either House or both the Houses of Parliament under Article 54(1) of
the Constitution. However, the Chairman, Senate can also, under Article 54(3),
summon the Senate on a requisition of one-fourth of the total membership of the
House. In either case the Secretary, Senate causes a notification to be
published in the Gazette stating date, time and place of the meeting and also
cause it to be issued to each member. Its announcement over the radio/TV and in
the Press is also made. Likewise, a notification with regard to prorogation of
the Senate is also published in the Gazette.
Each session of the Senate starts
from the date of commencement of its first sitting and concludes when the House
is prorogued by the President or the Chairman, as the case may be.
Quorum
Under Article 55(2) of the
Constitution, if at any time during a sitting of the Senate, the attention of
the Chairman is drawn to the fact that less than one-fourth of the total
membership of the Senate is present, the Chairman suspends the business and
causes the bells to be rung for five minutes. But if no quorum is available
even when the bells stop ringing the Chairman, adjourns the sitting.
COMMITTEES
Parliamentary committees have, over the years, become an integral and
indispensable part of legislative systems, the world over. The ever-increasing
complexity of a legislature's role has resulted in a corresponding increase in
reliance on committees. The committees are now recognized to be the
"political nerve ends, the gatherers of information, the sifters of
alternatives, the refiners of legislative detail." In some legislative
systems, including the US Congress, much of the business is handled by the
committees which prompted the observation that: it is not far from the truth to
say that Congress in session is Congress on public exhibition while Congress in
its committee rooms is Congress at work.
Reliance on the committees is primarily due to the increase in demand on the time of elected representatives, which limits the amount of time left for legislative work. Legislative Bills and other important issues which warrant in depth discussion are therefore, referred to the Committees. If it was not for the Committees of parliament, the legislative business transacted by Parliaments would be enacted in summary proceedings thereby defeating the objectives of thorough scrutiny.
SENATE COMMITTEES
Under Senate rules there shall be a Standing Committee which deals with the business of the Government relating to the Ministry with which is concerned or any other matter referred to it by the Senate. A Committee is also authorized to examine suo moto the expenditures, administration, subordinate legislation, the public petitions and policies of the Ministry concerned and its attached public bodies. Besides standing committees, there are three functional committees. (i) Committee on Government Assurances (ii) Committee on Problems of Less Developed Areas and (iii) Committee on Human Rights.
In addition to the above committees, there are two other committees, namely the Committee on Rules of Procedure and Privileges and House Committee.
Each committee consists of not less than six members and not more than twelve members to be elected by the Senate with Minister concerned as Ex-officio member. A member cannot be a member of more than three standing committees at the same time. Each committee may appoint sub committees which exercise the powers of the whole committee to examine any subject or matter which may be referred to them.
Committee on Rules of Procedure & Privileges:
The Committee on Rules of Procedure and Privileges considers matters regarding the procedure and conduct of business in the House and disposes of the Privilege Motions moved by the members of the House. As per Rule 147, it consists of not more than eight members elected by the Senate; while the Minister for Justice and Parliamentary Affairs acts as its ex-officio member.
House Committee:
It supervises arrangements for the residential accommodation and related matters of the Senators and also deals with matters like issuance of admission cards for the galleries. As per Rule 149, it consists of not more than six members elected by the Senate. The Deputy Chairman Senate is the ex-officio Chairman of this Committee.
Library Committee:
It is established under Rule 151 and its functions are to develop the library and Reference Service and to invite suggestion and advise on the selection of books etc. It also considers suggestions for future expansion of the library and assists and encourages the members of Parliament in fully utilizing the services provided by the library. It consists of four members, including its Chairman, nominated by the Chairman Senate.
Reliance on the committees is primarily due to the increase in demand on the time of elected representatives, which limits the amount of time left for legislative work. Legislative Bills and other important issues which warrant in depth discussion are therefore, referred to the Committees. If it was not for the Committees of parliament, the legislative business transacted by Parliaments would be enacted in summary proceedings thereby defeating the objectives of thorough scrutiny.
SENATE COMMITTEES
Under Senate rules there shall be a Standing Committee which deals with the business of the Government relating to the Ministry with which is concerned or any other matter referred to it by the Senate. A Committee is also authorized to examine suo moto the expenditures, administration, subordinate legislation, the public petitions and policies of the Ministry concerned and its attached public bodies. Besides standing committees, there are three functional committees. (i) Committee on Government Assurances (ii) Committee on Problems of Less Developed Areas and (iii) Committee on Human Rights.
In addition to the above committees, there are two other committees, namely the Committee on Rules of Procedure and Privileges and House Committee.
Each committee consists of not less than six members and not more than twelve members to be elected by the Senate with Minister concerned as Ex-officio member. A member cannot be a member of more than three standing committees at the same time. Each committee may appoint sub committees which exercise the powers of the whole committee to examine any subject or matter which may be referred to them.
Committee on Rules of Procedure & Privileges:
The Committee on Rules of Procedure and Privileges considers matters regarding the procedure and conduct of business in the House and disposes of the Privilege Motions moved by the members of the House. As per Rule 147, it consists of not more than eight members elected by the Senate; while the Minister for Justice and Parliamentary Affairs acts as its ex-officio member.
House Committee:
It supervises arrangements for the residential accommodation and related matters of the Senators and also deals with matters like issuance of admission cards for the galleries. As per Rule 149, it consists of not more than six members elected by the Senate. The Deputy Chairman Senate is the ex-officio Chairman of this Committee.
Library Committee:
It is established under Rule 151 and its functions are to develop the library and Reference Service and to invite suggestion and advise on the selection of books etc. It also considers suggestions for future expansion of the library and assists and encourages the members of Parliament in fully utilizing the services provided by the library. It consists of four members, including its Chairman, nominated by the Chairman Senate.
2. Functional
Committees
Committee on
Government Assurances:
The Committee on Government Assurances looks after the implementation and actions on the assurances, commitments and promises made by the Ministers on the floor of the House. The Committee, which functions under Rule 141, takes note of the extent to which such assurances and promises have been implemented and also whether the implementation has taken place in a timely and effective manner.
Committee on Problems of Less Developed Areas:
This Committee helps promote a balanced development in different parts of the country and identifies the areas of difficulty and bottlenecks in this regard. The functions of the committee, as laid down in Rule 142, stipulate that it can review approved plans and special programmes for less-developed area, receive representations from affected persons and areas concerning the development of those areas and make recommendations, subject to availability of resources, for speedier development of those areas in order to achieve a more balanced and equitable utilization of resources in the country.
Committee on Human Rights:
The Functional Committee on Human Rights was first constituted in 1993 and is the youngest Committee of the Senate. This Committee reviews on a continuous basis the overall position of human rights violations in the country and receives representation from the affected persons, organizations and international agencies, including the Human Rights Commission, regarding human rights violations in Pakistan. It also ascertains if any violation of human rights has taken place and identifies the problem areas. The Committee undertakes studies and makes recommendations for redressing the human rights violations including proposal for legislation in that area.
Finance Committee of the Senate:
There is a Finance Committee of the Senate constituted under Article 88 of the Constitution. Expenditure of the Senate within authorized appropriations is controlled by the Senate itself on the advice of its Finance Committee which consists of the Minister for Finance and such other members as may be elected by the Senate. The Chairman of the Senate is the Chairman and Secretary Senate is ex-officio Secretary of the Finance Committee. The Committee approves the budget for the Senate for inclusion in the Federal Budget and also advises the Senate in regard to control over the expenditure to be incurred within the authorized appropriations.
The Committee on Government Assurances looks after the implementation and actions on the assurances, commitments and promises made by the Ministers on the floor of the House. The Committee, which functions under Rule 141, takes note of the extent to which such assurances and promises have been implemented and also whether the implementation has taken place in a timely and effective manner.
Committee on Problems of Less Developed Areas:
This Committee helps promote a balanced development in different parts of the country and identifies the areas of difficulty and bottlenecks in this regard. The functions of the committee, as laid down in Rule 142, stipulate that it can review approved plans and special programmes for less-developed area, receive representations from affected persons and areas concerning the development of those areas and make recommendations, subject to availability of resources, for speedier development of those areas in order to achieve a more balanced and equitable utilization of resources in the country.
Committee on Human Rights:
The Functional Committee on Human Rights was first constituted in 1993 and is the youngest Committee of the Senate. This Committee reviews on a continuous basis the overall position of human rights violations in the country and receives representation from the affected persons, organizations and international agencies, including the Human Rights Commission, regarding human rights violations in Pakistan. It also ascertains if any violation of human rights has taken place and identifies the problem areas. The Committee undertakes studies and makes recommendations for redressing the human rights violations including proposal for legislation in that area.
Finance Committee of the Senate:
There is a Finance Committee of the Senate constituted under Article 88 of the Constitution. Expenditure of the Senate within authorized appropriations is controlled by the Senate itself on the advice of its Finance Committee which consists of the Minister for Finance and such other members as may be elected by the Senate. The Chairman of the Senate is the Chairman and Secretary Senate is ex-officio Secretary of the Finance Committee. The Committee approves the budget for the Senate for inclusion in the Federal Budget and also advises the Senate in regard to control over the expenditure to be incurred within the authorized appropriations.
PROVINCIAL SEATS
Province
|
General Seats
|
Seats reserved for
|
Total
|
|
Non Muslims
|
Women
|
|||
Punjab
|
297
|
8
|
66
|
371
|
Sindh
|
130
|
9
|
29
|
168
|
NWFP
|
99
|
3
|
22
|
124
|
Balochistan
|
51
|
3
|
11
|
65
|
Total
|
577
|
23
|
128
|
728
|
Presidents
1.Iskander
Ali Mirza 2.Ayub Khan 3.Yahya Khan 4.Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto 5.Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry
6.Zia ul Haq 7.Ghulam Ishaq Khan 8.Wasim Sajjad 9.Farooq Ahmad Khan Leghari
10.Rafiq Tarar 11.Pervez Musharraf 12. Zardari